During labor, unexpected situations or decisions may arise regarding interventions, procedures, or changes in the birth plan. To help us make informed and thoughtful choices, we plan to use the BRAIN acronym:

• Benefits: What are the benefits of this option for me and my baby?
• Risks: What are the possible risks or downsides?
• Alternatives: Are there other options or approaches available?
• Intuition: What is my gut feeling or instinct telling me?
• Nothing: What happens if we do nothing or wait and see?

We would like our care team to support us in using this framework, giving us time to ask questions and consider our options before making decisions.

Drinking water, electrolyte drinks, or coconut water prevents dehydration, while light snacks like bananas or yogurt provide energy. Easily digestible foods support strength, but heavy meals may cause nausea.

Medical facilities have different policies on eating and drinking during labor, so you may want to check with them ahead of time.

Light snacks and fluids can help maintain energy and hydration if permitted.If you have preferred drinks like coconut water, you may want to bring a cooler with your preferred drinks

• Eases pain and enhances comfort
• Uses gravity to speed up labor
• Helps baby move into the best position
• Reduces the risk of interventions

• Walking, swaying, or rocking
• Using a birth ball or chair
• Squatting, kneeling, or hands-and-knees
• Leaning on a partner or support

A TENS unit (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) can be used during labor to help manage pain naturally. It works by sending mild electrical pulses through electrodes placed on the lower back, which can help block pain signals to the brain and encourage the release of endorphins.

Using a specifically designed maternity TENS unit is preferred because you'll have the boost button to use during your contractions. If you are interested in using a TENS unit for your labor and birth, you can purchase or rent a unit by clicking here

It is most effective if started in early labor rather than later when contractions become very strong.

Many find it helpful, especially for back labor.

Cord blood banking is the process of collecting and storing the blood from a newborn's umbilical cord after birth. This blood is rich in stem cells, which can be used in medical treatments for various diseases, including blood disorders, immune system conditions, and certain cancers.

Parents can choose between private banking (for personal or family use) and public banking if desired. (donating for general medical use). Don't forget to bring the kit with you if you are cord blood banking

Minimal cervical checks during labor reduce discomfort, lower infection risk, and support a natural birth. Frequent exams can increase bacteria exposure, cause distress, and don’t always predict labor progress.

Checks are typically needed at admission, during major labor changes, or if intervention is required. Alternatives include observing vocal/breathing patterns, contractions, and fetal position.

Advocating for minimal checks can enhance comfort and well-being.

• Labor Augmentation: AROM can speed up or induce labor, especially if contractions are weak or labor is not progressing.
• Assessment: Allows for direct assessment of amniotic fluid (color, presence of meconium, infection).
• Internal Monitoring: Enables placement of internal fetal or uterine monitors if needed.

• Infection: Increased risk of infection (chorioamnionitis) if delivery is delayed after rupture.
• Cord Prolapse: If the baby's head is not well engaged, there is a risk of umbilical cord slipping out (cord prolapse), which is an emergency.
• Fetal Distress: Sudden changes in pressure can cause fetal heart rate abnormalities.
• Increased Pain: Labor may become more intense and painful after AROM.

• Natural Process: Occurs as part of the natural progression of labor, usually when the body is ready.
• Lower Intervention: No procedural risks associated with artificial intervention.
• Lower Infection Risk: If labor progresses normally, the risk of infection is generally lower compared to AROM.

• Preterm Premature Rupture (PPROM): If SROM occurs before 37 weeks, it can lead to preterm birth and complications for the baby.
• Prolonged Rupture: If labor does not start soon after SROM, there is a risk of infection.
• Cord Prolapse: Rare, but possible, especially if the baby's head is not engaged.

• Speak softly and reassuringly.
• Use short, calming phrases (e.g., “I’m so proud of you”).
• Avoid loud or sudden noises.
• Encourage slow, steady breathing.
• Maintain a peaceful environment (dim lights, soft music).
• Follow the birthing person’s cues and preferences.

Dimming the lights during labor can have several benefits for the birthing person and baby, including:

• Promoting Relaxation: Soft lighting can create a calming environment, reducing stress and helping the laboring person feel more at ease.
• Encouraging Oxytocin Production: Dim lighting can support the release of oxytocin, the hormone that stimulates contractions and labor progress.
• Reducing Sensory Overload: Bright lights can be overstimulating, whereas dim lighting helps maintain a sense of privacy and comfort.
• Supporting the Golden Hour: After birth, keeping lights low helps newborns transition from the womb to the outside world in a more soothing way, supporting bonding and breastfeeding.

If you’re planning a hospital birth, you can bring small battery-operated lights to create a more comfortable ambiance.

Warm water during labor provides natural pain relief, relaxation, and increased mobility. It can lower blood pressure, reduce stress, and help shorten labor. If available, a birthing tub offers buoyancy, making movement easier and easing contractions. It may also reduce perineal trauma and enhance comfort and privacy.

Always have a partner, doula or medical professional help you get in the tub or shower.

• Pain Relief – Some essential oils may help reduce the perception of pain by promoting relaxation.
• Anxiety Reduction – Certain scents can have a calming effect, helping to lower stress and anxiety levels.
• Energy Boost – Citrus and minty oils may help reduce fatigue and keep energy levels up during a long labor.
• Nausea Relief – Some women experience nausea during labor, and oils like peppermint or ginger can help ease discomfort.

• Lavender – Calming, reduces anxiety, and promotes relaxation.
• Peppermint – Reduces nausea and improves focus.
• Frankincense – Grounds emotions and promotes deep breathing.
• Chamomile – Soothing and may help with irritability.
• Eucalyptus – Helps open airways and supports deep breathing.
• Lemon or Orange – Uplifting and refreshing.

• Diffuser – Add a few drops of essential oil to a diffuser in the birth space.
• Inhalation – Put a few drops on a cotton ball or tissue and inhale as needed.

A peanut ball is a peanut-shaped exercise ball that helps labor progress, especially for those in bed due to an epidural. It can:

• Open the pelvis, creating more space for the baby to descend.
• Encourage optimal fetal positioning, reducing labor time.
• Lower intervention rates, including C-sections and assisted deliveries.
• Provide comfort and pain relief by easing pressure on hips and back.
• Support movement with an epidural, mimicking upright positions.

Common positions include side-lying, semi-sitting, or hands and knees, helping labor progress efficiently.

Listening to music during labor can offer several benefits, both for the birthing person and their support team. Some key advantages include:

• Pain Management Music can act as a natural pain reliever by distracting from discomfort and promoting relaxation.
• Reduced Anxiety & Stress – Calm, familiar, or uplifting music can lower cortisol levels, reducing stress and anxiety during labor.
• Enhanced Mood & Emotional Well-being – Favorite songs or soothing sounds can boost morale and create a positive, empowering atmosphere.
• Improved Focus & Endurance – Upbeat or meditative tunes can help maintain energy and focus, especially during long labor.

• Captures a powerful, life-changing moment.
• Documents the emotions of you, your partner, and the medical team.
• Can be cherished as a keepsake for years to come.

• Some may feel uncomfortable being photographed in such a vulnerable state.
• It might distract from being fully present in the moment.
• Certain hospitals or birth centers may have policies against video during delivery.

• Captures a powerful, life-changing moment.
• Documents the emotions of you, your partner, and the medical team.
• Can be cherished as a keepsake for years to come.

• Some may feel uncomfortable being photographed in such a vulnerable state.
• It might distract from being fully present in the moment.
• Certain hospitals or birth centers may have policies against video during delivery.

• Typically offered around 39–41 weeks of pregnancy.
• Recommended if labor hasn’t started naturally by the due date.
• Often suggested before considering medical induction.

• It may help start labor within 48 hours for some people.
• Success depends on how ready your body is for labor.
• If it doesn’t work, labor may still start naturally in the following days.

• Some discomfort or cramping.
• Possible spotting or mild bleeding afterward.
• May trigger mild contractions.

• Not guaranteed to work.
• Can cause irregular contractions (prodromal labor).
• Small risk of breaking the water prematurely (though rare).

Pitocin is a medication that is a synthetic (man-made) version of oxytocin, a natural hormone your body produces. Oxytocin plays a key role in causing the uterus to contract during labor.

Pitocin is commonly used in two main situations:

• Induction of labor: If your labor hasn't started on its own and there is a medical reason to deliver your baby (such as being overdue, concerns about your or your baby's health, or your water has broken without contractions), Pitocin can help start labor.
• Augmentation of labor: If your labor has started but is progressing slowly or has stalled, Pitocin can help strengthen and regulate contractions to move labor along.

Pitocin is given through an intravenous (IV) line in your arm. The dose is carefully controlled and can be adjusted based on how your labor is progressing and how you and your baby are responding.

Pitocin can help start or speed up labor when it is medically necessary, which can reduce the risk of complications from a prolonged pregnancy or stalled labor. It can also help prevent or treat heavy bleeding after delivery by helping the uterus contract.

Pitocin can cause contractions to become stronger, more frequent, and more painful than natural contractions. This may increase the need for pain relief, such as an epidural. There is also a risk of the uterus contracting too much (called hyperstimulation), which can reduce oxygen to the baby and cause fetal distress. Other rare risks include changes in blood pressure, water retention, or, in very rare cases, uterine rupture.

When Pitocin is used, you and your baby will be closely monitored. This usually means continuous fetal heart rate monitoring and regular checks of your contractions and vital signs. The goal is to ensure that labor is progressing safely for both you and your baby.

• 1. The laboring person leans forward, either on a bed, a birthing ball, or while standing.
• 2. A support person (partner, doula, or nurse) places their hands on the sides of the pelvis, at the iliac crests (upper outer part of the hip bones).
• 3. They apply firm inward and upward pressure.
• 4. Hold the squeeze through the contraction and release when it subsides.
• 5. Repeat as needed for comfort.

• Reduces lower back and sacral pain
• Helps open the pelvis for baby’s descent
• Provides a sense of relief and support

• Effective Pain Relief – Provides significant pain reduction or elimination during labor.
• Allows You to Stay Alert – You remain awake and aware while feeling minimal discomfort.
• Can Help with Exhaustion – Reduces pain-related stress and allows you to rest during long labors.
• Can Be Adjusted – Dosage can be modified to balance pain relief and mobility.

• Possible Drop in Blood Pressure – Can cause a decrease in blood pressure.
• Limited Mobility – You will be confined to bed and need assistance moving.
• Potential for Prolonged Labor – Some studies suggest it may increase labor duration or the need for interventions like forceps or vacuum.
• Side Effects – Possible headaches, itching, or difficulty urinating.

• Effective Pain Relief – Provides significant pain reduction or elimination during labor.
• Allows You to Stay Alert – You remain awake and aware while feeling minimal discomfort.
• Can Help with Exhaustion – Reduces pain-related stress and allows you to rest during long labors.
• Can Be Adjusted – Dosage can be modified to balance pain relief and mobility.

• Possible Drop in Blood Pressure – Can cause a decrease in blood pressure.
• Limited Mobility – You will be confined to bed and need assistance moving.
• Potential for Prolonged Labor – Some studies suggest it may increase labor duration or the need for interventions like forceps or vacuum.
• Side Effects – Possible headaches, itching, or difficulty urinating.

Dads and birth support people: as a birth support person, it's important to recognize that labor can be intense and overwhelming at times. A code word gives the birthing person a discreet and powerful way to communicate when they truly want or need a change in the plan—such as requesting pain relief, even if it wasn’t part of the original birth preferences.

The key is choosing a word that stands out and is unrelated to labor, like "Llama Llama” or “jellyfish.” When you hear them say the word, it's your cue to stop, listen, and take their request seriously—no second-guessing, no talking them out of it.

• Squatting – Opens pelvis; use a squat bar, partner, or birth stool. Push with gravity.
• Hands & Knees – Eases back pain; push while exhaling deeply.
• Side-Lying – Helps conserve energy; push slowly with support.
• Semi-Sitting – Good for epidurals; tuck chin, push in short bursts.
• Standing/Kneeling – Uses gravity; push with contractions while supported.

• 1. Setup: The squat bar attaches to the labor bed, usually in a U-shape, allowing you to hold onto it for support.
• 2. Positioning: You can squat on the bed while holding the bar or use it for stability in other positions, like:
  • Full squat (feet on the bed, holding the bar for support)
  • Semi-squat (leaning back slightly on the bed with feet supported)
  • Kneeling or hands-and-knees while using the bar for balance
• 3. Between Contractions: Some people rest by sitting back against the raised bed or changing positions as needed.

• Opens the pelvis: Squatting can increase pelvic diameter, making more space for the baby to descend.
• Uses gravity: Being upright helps the baby move down more efficiently.
• May shorten pushing stage: Squatting can lead to more effective contractions and less time spent pushing.
• Less pressure on the back: Compared to lying on your back, squatting can reduce discomfort in the lower back and tailbone.
• Encourages movement: You can shift positions more easily to stay comfortable.

Using a mirror to see your baby’s head during crowning can be a powerful and motivating experience. Many birthing people find it encouraging to witness their baby’s progress, and it can help with pushing effectively.

If you’re interested in this, let your care provider know ahead of time so they can position a mirror where you can see comfortably. Some hospitals and birth centers have adjustable mirrors, or your birth partner or doula can hold one for you.

• Reduced Risk of Perineal Tears – Studies show that warm compresses can help relax the perineal tissues, making them more elastic and reducing the likelihood of severe tears.
• Pain Relief & Comfort – The warmth increases blood flow and provides a soothing effect, which may help ease discomfort.
• Increased Circulation & Tissue Stretching – The heat helps improve blood flow to the area, making the tissues more pliable and better able to stretch during birth.

• A clean, warm, moist washcloth is applied to the perineum during the pushing stage.
• The cloth is held in place by the care provider or birth support person.
• It can be used continuously or intermittently, depending on preference and effectiveness.

Yes, you can touch your baby's head during crowning if you'd like! Many birthing people find it empowering and motivating to feel their baby's head as they are being born. It can help you connect with the moment and even give you a sense of control.

If this is something you're interested in, let your birth team or care provider know in advance so they can support you. Some midwives and doctors even encourage it, as it can help you pace your pushing and prevent tearing by promoting a more controlled birth.

• Classic Announcement: Your partner excitedly says, "It's a boy!" or "It's a girl!" right after the baby is born.
• Personalized Message: They could add a personal touch, like "Our little prince is here!" or "We have a beautiful baby girl!"
• Whisper and Reveal: Your partner could whisper the news to you first, letting you be the one to share it with the room.
• Guessing Game: If you've been keeping it a surprise, your partner could ask, "Do you want to guess?" before revealing.
• Special Object: They could hold up a baby onesie, hat, or blanket in a color that represents the sex.
• Poetic Touch: If they love words, they could say something poetic like, "The world just got a little brighter—a sweet baby girl has arrived!”

• Symbolic and Emotional Connection – The placenta played a crucial role in nourishing and sustaining the baby throughout pregnancy. Seeing it can create a deeper connection to the birth experience.
• Curiosity and Education – Some parents want to understand more about how their baby was supported in the womb. Examining the placenta can be a fascinating learning experience.
• Health and Well-being – Doctors or midwives may show the placenta to explain its condition, ensuring it was fully delivered and healthy. This can provide reassurance about the birth process.
• Cultural or Spiritual Significance – In many cultures, the placenta is considered sacred. Some families may want to honor it with special rituals, such as burial or ceremonial handling.
• Encapsulation or Consumption – Some people believe consuming the placenta (often in pill form) has health benefits, such as helping with postpartum recovery.

• Placenta Encapsulation & Consumption – Some believe that consuming the placenta (often in capsule form) may help with postpartum recovery, hormone balance, increased energy, and milk production, though scientific evidence is limited.
• Stem Cell & Cord Blood Banking – The placenta contains valuable stem cells that can be stored for potential future medical treatments.
• Cultural & Spiritual Traditions – Many cultures have rituals involving placenta burial, viewing it as a sacred life source that deserves a respectful farewell.
• Lotus Birth – Some choose to leave the placenta attached to the baby until the umbilical cord naturally detaches, believing it offers additional benefits.
• Skincare & Beauty Uses – Some people use placental extracts in lotions or creams, claiming benefits for skin regeneration and healing.
• Medical & Research Purposes – Donating the placenta for scientific research or medical treatments can contribute to advancements in medicine, such as wound healing and disease studies.

Delayed cord clamping (DCC) is the practice of waiting before clamping and cutting the umbilical cord after birth, allowing more blood to transfer from the placenta to the baby. This process can take anywhere from 30 seconds to several minutes, depending on hospital protocols or birth preferences.

• Increased Blood Volume & Iron Levels – Babies receive up to 30% more blood from the placenta, which boosts iron stores and reduces the risk of anemia in infancy.
• Improved Circulation & Oxygenation – The extra blood enhances cardiovascular stability and oxygen levels.
• Better Brain Development – Higher iron levels contribute to cognitive development in the first year.
• Supports Preterm Babies – DCC can reduce the need for blood transfusions, lower the risk of intraventricular hemorrhage (brain bleeds), and support organ function.

• Jaundice Risk – Some studies suggest a slightly higher risk of jaundice, which may require phototherapy.
• Not Always Recommended – In cases of severe fetal distress or certain medical emergencies, immediate clamping may be necessary.

• ACOG (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists) recommends at least 30–60 seconds for all healthy term and preterm babies.
• WHO recommends waiting 1–3 minutes or until the cord stops pulsating.
• Some parents and providers prefer "physiological clamping," waiting until the cord turns white and stops pulsing, which can take 5–10 minutes or longer.

Since hospital policies and provider preferences can vary, it's a good idea to discuss delayed cord clamping with your care provider ahead of time.

• Emotional Connection – It can be a powerful way to feel involved in the birth process and create a special memory.
• Symbolism – Cutting the cord represents the baby’s first step into independence outside the womb.
• Active Participation – While they may not be physically giving birth, this gives them a hands-on role in welcoming the baby.
• Tradition or Personal Choice – Some families see it as a tradition, or the partner may simply feel honored to be given the opportunity.

• Regulating the baby’s temperature, heart rate, and breathing
• Encouraging early breastfeeding and bonding
• Reducing stress for both the baby and parent
• Boosting the baby’s immune system through exposure to beneficial bacteria

Birthing in water

Birthing tubs are used during labor to provide comfort, relaxation, and pain relief. They are available in some hospitals, commonly found in birth centers, and can also be used at home with portable options.

Hospitals

Some hospitals offer birthing tubs for laboring mothers. These are typically found in hospitals that support lower-intervention births.

Birthing centers

Most birth centers provide large, deep tubs designed specifically for labor and water birth. These facilities emphasize a home-like environment, allowing freedom of movement and position changes in the water. Water birth is often fully supported in birth centers, with midwives trained to assist in delivering the baby in the tub.

Home birth

For those choosing a home birth, portable birthing pools are an option. These are inflatable tubs made of durable materials, large enough to accommodate movement while laboring. They are easy to set up and fill with warm water using a hose. Midwives can guide parents in selecting an appropriate tub and ensure it meets safety standards.

Benefits of birthing in water

1. Pain Relief: The warm water helps relax the body, reduce muscle tension, and decrease the sensation of pain, making contractions feel less intense.
2. Promotes Comfort and Relaxation: The buoyancy of the water supports the body, making it easier to find a comfortable position and helping reduce anxiety during labor.
3. Encourages Natural Movement: Water allows for freedom of movement, helping the laboring person shift positions more easily to find what works best for them.
4. Gentler Transition for Baby: A water birth can provide a smoother transition for the baby, as they experience an environment similar to the one in the womb.
5. Reduces Stress: The calming effect of the warm water lowers stress levels for both the birthing person and their support team.
6. Supports Effective Pushing: The buoyancy helps the laboring person focus on pushing effectively, reducing pressure and weight on the body.

• Clear drape or lowered drape: Some hospitals offer a clear drape or lower the surgical drape so the mother can see the baby being born if she chooses.
• Delayed cord clamping: The umbilical cord is left attached for a bit longer to allow more blood to transfer to the baby, similar to many vaginal births.
• Immediate skin-to-skin contact: Instead of taking the baby away for immediate weighing and assessments, the baby is placed on the mother’s chest as soon as possible to promote bonding and breastfeeding.
• Baby’s slower delivery: The baby is eased out more slowly, mimicking the compression of a vaginal birth to help clear the lungs.
• Minimal noise and dimmed lights: Some hospitals allow softer lighting and a quieter, calmer atmosphere. Parents can also request their own music.
• Involvement of the birth partner: The partner may be encouraged to participate more actively, such as cutting the cord or holding the baby sooner.
• Delayed newborn procedures: Weighing, measuring, and other routine newborn procedures may be postponed to allow for immediate bonding.

• Hospital Policies: Some hospitals allow one support person in the operating room (usually a partner or a doula, but not both). Others may allow both a partner and a doula. It’s best to check with your hospital in advance.
• Doula’s Role: A doula can provide emotional support, help keep you calm, explain what’s happening, and assist with immediate postpartum care, including skin-to-skin bonding and breastfeeding.
• Advocacy & Comfort: Your doula can advocate for your birth preferences, help with breathing techniques, play calming music, or offer grounding support if you feel anxious.
• Recovery Support: Even if the doula isn’t allowed in the OR, they can be there for you before and after surgery, helping with recovery, newborn care, and emotional well-being.
• Anesthesiologist’s Decision: Ultimately, the anesthesiologist has the final say on who is allowed in the operating room, as they are responsible for maintaining a safe surgical environment.

• Clear Drape: A transparent or partially transparent drape lets you watch the birth without lowering the sterile barrier. Some hospitals use a drape with a solid top portion that can be dropped after the baby is delivered.
• Lowered Drape: The surgical team briefly lowers the drape at the moment of birth so you can see your baby, then raises it again to maintain sterility.

• Regulates Baby’s Temperature & Breathing – Helps stabilize heart rate, breathing, and body temperature.
• Encourages Breastfeeding – Increases the chances of successful latching and early breastfeeding.
• Reduces Stress for Mom & Baby – Releases oxytocin, which promotes bonding and helps lower stress levels.
• Boosts Baby’s Immunity – Colonizes the baby with mom’s good bacteria, supporting their immune system.

• Immediate Placement: If you and baby are stable, some hospitals allow skin-to-skin contact right in the operating room.
• Assisted by Partner/Nurse: A nurse or your support person can help place the baby on your chest and ensure they stay secure.
• Delayed Skin-to-Skin: If immediate contact isn’t possible, you can request it as soon as you’re in the recovery room.

• Talk to your provider in advance and include it in your birth plan.
• Ask if the hospital has a "gentle C-section" protocol that prioritizes immediate skin-to-skin.
• Have your support person advocate for you if you're unable to do so.

• 1. Talk to Your Care Team Beforehand
  • Let your doctor, nurses, and anesthesiologist know that you want immediate skin-to-skin contact and to breastfeed in the OR.
  • Some hospitals have policies allowing this, while others may need prior arrangements.
• 2. Ask for Assistance
  • if you’re feeling groggy from medication, your partner, doula, or a nurse can help keep the baby in position.
• 3. If Immediate Breastfeeding Isn’t Possible
  • Request skin-to-skin as soon as you’re in recovery.
  • Hand-express or pump colostrum if needed and have a nurse or partner help feed the baby.

A family-friendly C-section is a cesarean birth approach that prioritizes keeping the family together throughout the procedure and immediate postpartum period. Instead of being taken to the nursery right after delivery, the baby remains in the operating room with the parents while the mother undergoes the necessary surgical repair, which can take 45 minutes to an hour.

During this time, if the mother is able, she can engage in skin-to-skin contact or have the baby swaddled and placed on her chest. The partner can assist in holding the baby or hold the baby close to the mother’s face for bonding. This setup allows for early family bonding and the opportunity to take first family photos in the operating room.

Once the procedure is complete, the family transitions together to the recovery room , avoiding separation. However, this is only possible if both the mother and baby are stable at birth. If the mother is too weak or tired to hold the baby, the partner is given the opportunity to do so in the recovery room while waiting for her to join them.

This approach eliminates the need for routine nursery care, where access may be restricted due to privacy and safety regulations, ensuring that the newborn remains with their family from the start.

• Apgar Score (checked at 1 and 5 minutes) is non-invasive and can be done without disturbing bonding.
• Weighing, measuring, and full newborn assessments can often be delayed for at least an hour or until after the first breastfeeding session.
• Vitamin K and Erythromycin eye ointment can usually be delayed for an hour or more, depending on hospital policies.
• First bath can be delayed for 24 hours or even skipped altogether to help maintain body temperature and protect the vernix.

• Natural Moisturizer: Helps keep the baby's skin soft and prevents dryness.
• Temperature Regulation: Acts as a barrier against heat loss after birth.
• Antibacterial Properties: Contains proteins that help fight infections.
• Eases Transition to Life Outside the Womb: Helps with skin adaptation to the new environment.

• Hepatitis B (HepB) Vaccine – Given within the first 24 hours to protect against hepatitis B, which can cause liver disease.
• Vitamin K Injection – Given shortly after birth to prevent Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding (VKDB), a rare but serious condition that can cause uncontrolled bleeding in newborns.

• DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis)
• Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b)
• Polio (IPV)
• Pneumococcal (PCV13)
• Rotavirus (RV)

Even if a mother tests negative for Hepatitis B, the newborn still receives the vaccine because:

• Universal protection: Lab errors or unknown status can happen, and this prevents missed cases.
• Early immunity: Babies may be exposed to Hep B from others (family, caregivers, etc.), not just the mother.
• Best timing: The birth dose gives the strongest protection when given within 12–24 hours.
• Routine care: Starting at birth helps ensure the baby completes the series on schedule.

It’s a safe, proven way to protect newborns and reduce Hep B in the community long-term.

Even if a mother tests negative for Hepatitis B, the newborn still receives the vaccine because:

• Universal protection: Lab errors or unknown status can happen, and this prevents missed cases.
• Early immunity: Babies may be exposed to Hep B from others (family, caregivers, etc.), not just the mother.
• Best timing: The birth dose gives the strongest protection when given within 12–24 hours.
• Routine care: Starting at birth helps ensure the baby completes the series on schedule.

It’s a safe, proven way to protect newborns and reduce Hep B in the community long-term.

• Prevents Serious Bleeding: VKDB can cause bleeding in the brain or other organs, leading to long-term damage or even death. The Vitamin K shot reduces this risk almost entirely.
• Given as an Injection: The standard dose is a single intramuscular shot in the thigh within hours of birth.
• Oral Option: Some parents opt for oral Vitamin K drops instead of the shot, but multiple doses are needed, and it may not be as effective.
• Safe and Well-Studied: Research has confirmed that the Vitamin K shot is safe, with no proven link to long-term health risks.

• Prevents Serious Bleeding: VKDB can cause bleeding in the brain or other organs, leading to long-term damage or even death. The Vitamin K shot reduces this risk almost entirely.
• Given as an Injection: The standard dose is a single intramuscular shot in the thigh within hours of birth.
• Oral Option: Some parents opt for oral Vitamin K drops instead of the shot, but multiple doses are needed, and it may not be as effective.
• Safe and Well-Studied: Research has confirmed that the Vitamin K shot is safe, with no proven link to long-term health risks.

• Reduced Risk of Infections – Circumcised males have a lower risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs), particularly in infancy.
• Lower Risk of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) – Studies suggest a reduced risk of HIV, HPV, and some other STIs.
• Decreased Risk of Penile Cancer – Though rare, circumcision lowers the already low risk of penile cancer.
• Prevention of Certain Medical Conditions – Reduces the chances of phimosis (a condition where the foreskin is too tight) and balanitis (inflammation of the foreskin and head of the penis).
• Easier Genital Hygiene – Some believe it simplifies cleaning and reduces the risk of infections related to poor hygiene.
• Cultural or Religious Significance – Common in certain religious and cultural traditions, such as Judaism and Islam.

• Pain and Discomfort – Though pain management techniques are used, the procedure can still cause pain and discomfort for the infant.
• Surgical Risks – Like any surgery, it carries risks of bleeding, infection, or improper removal of the foreskin.
• Loss of Sensation – Some argue circumcision reduces sensitivity in the penis, which may affect sexual pleasure later in life.
• Ethical and Consent Concerns – Since it is often performed on infants, the child cannot consent to the procedure.
• Potential Psychological Effects – Some believe circumcision may have psychological effects, though this is debated.
• Not Medically Necessary in Most Cases – The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) acknowledges potential benefits but does not universally recommend it.

• Reduced Risk of Infections – Circumcised males have a lower risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs), particularly in infancy.
• Lower Risk of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) – Studies suggest a reduced risk of HIV, HPV, and some other STIs.
• Decreased Risk of Penile Cancer – Though rare, circumcision lowers the already low risk of penile cancer.
• Prevention of Certain Medical Conditions – Reduces the chances of phimosis (a condition where the foreskin is too tight) and balanitis (inflammation of the foreskin and head of the penis).
• Easier Genital Hygiene – Some believe it simplifies cleaning and reduces the risk of infections related to poor hygiene.
• Cultural or Religious Significance – Common in certain religious and cultural traditions, such as Judaism and Islam.

• Pain and Discomfort – Though pain management techniques are used, the procedure can still cause pain and discomfort for the infant.
• Surgical Risks – Like any surgery, it carries risks of bleeding, infection, or improper removal of the foreskin.
• Loss of Sensation – Some argue circumcision reduces sensitivity in the penis, which may affect sexual pleasure later in life.
• Ethical and Consent Concerns – Since it is often performed on infants, the child cannot consent to the procedure.
• Potential Psychological Effects – Some believe circumcision may have psychological effects, though this is debated.
• Not Medically Necessary in Most Cases – The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) acknowledges potential benefits but does not universally recommend it.

• Communicate Expectations Early – Let family and friends know your wishes ahead of time to avoid surprises or hurt feelings.
• Create a Visitor List – Decide who, if anyone, you’d like to visit at the hospital or home in the first few weeks.
• Use Your Birth Plan – If giving birth in a hospital, inform staff that you want limited or no visitors.

• Set a Timeframe – Decide when you feel comfortable having visitors, whether it's days, weeks, or longer.
• Use Your Partner or Support Person – Have them help enforce boundaries so you can focus on recovery.
• Blame the Doctor – Saying, “Our doctor recommends rest and limited visitors” can make it easier to set boundaries.
• Require Check-Ins – Let people know they need to text or call before dropping by.
• Prioritize Your Well-being – If you’re not up for visitors, don’t feel guilty about saying no.

• Supports Breastfeeding Success – Early formula supplementation can interfere with milk supply and latch.
• Encourages Skin-to-Skin & Bonding – Frequent nursing helps establish breastfeeding and promotes bonding.
• Avoids Nipple Confusion – Bottles may cause preference issues, making breastfeeding harder.
• Health Benefits – Breastfeeding supports the baby's immune system and digestion.
• Informed Choice – Keeps you in control of feeding decisions unless medically necessary.

• Supports Breastfeeding Success – Early formula supplementation can interfere with milk supply and latch.
• Encourages Skin-to-Skin & Bonding – Frequent nursing helps establish breastfeeding and promotes bonding.
• Avoids Nipple Confusion – Bottles may cause preference issues, making breastfeeding harder.
• Health Benefits – Breastfeeding supports the baby's immune system and digestion.
• Informed Choice – Keeps you in control of feeding decisions unless medically necessary.

• Soothing & Comforting – Sucking is a natural reflex, and a pacifier can help calm a fussy baby.
• Pain Relief – Can provide comfort during minor procedures, like blood draws or circumcision.
• Reduced SIDS Risk – Studies suggest that pacifier use during sleep may lower the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).
• Easier to Wean than Thumb-Sucking – Pacifiers can be taken away when needed, unlike a thumb.

• Potential Nipple Confusion – Early pacifier use may interfere with breastfeeding, as sucking on a pacifier is different from nursing.
• Impact on Breastfeeding – May reduce feeding frequency, which could affect milk supply and baby’s weight gain.
• Dental Issues – Prolonged use (especially past toddler years) may lead to dental problems like misaligned teeth.
• Dependency – Some babies become overly reliant on pacifiers for soothing, making it hard to wean later.

• Soothing & Comforting – Sucking is a natural reflex, and a pacifier can help calm a fussy baby.
• Pain Relief – Can provide comfort during minor procedures, like blood draws or circumcision.
• Reduced SIDS Risk – Studies suggest that pacifier use during sleep may lower the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).
• Easier to Wean than Thumb-Sucking – Pacifiers can be taken away when needed, unlike a thumb.

• Potential Nipple Confusion – Early pacifier use may interfere with breastfeeding, as sucking on a pacifier is different from nursing.
• Impact on Breastfeeding – May reduce feeding frequency, which could affect milk supply and baby’s weight gain.
• Dental Issues – Prolonged use (especially past toddler years) may lead to dental problems like misaligned teeth.
• Dependency – Some babies become overly reliant on pacifiers for soothing, making it hard to wean later.

Many parents and healthcare providers now choose to delay the first bath for at least 12–24 hours, or even longer. Delayed bathing has several benefits, including:

• Better temperature regulation – Newborns are still adjusting to life outside the womb, and bathing too soon can cause a drop in body temperature.
• Improved breastfeeding success – Studies show that delaying the first bath is linked to better breastfeeding initiation and success. The familiar scent of amniotic fluid on the baby helps with bonding and latching.
• Preserving vernix caseosa – This natural coating protects the baby's skin, keeping it moisturized and acting as an antibacterial barrier.
• Lower stress levels – A bath can be overwhelming for a newborn. Delaying it allows them to transition more calmly to life outside the womb.

Some parents choose to skip the hospital bath completely and either wash their baby at home or let the vernix absorb naturally. This is especially common for those who prefer a more natural approach or have cultural or religious reasons for delaying or avoiding early bathing.

Things to consider

• Hospital Policies – Some hospitals have set practices, but you have the right to decline or request a delay.
• Skin-to-Skin Contact – If immediate skin-to-skin is important to you, delaying the bath can help preserve that bonding time.
• Baby's Health – If your baby has any medical concerns, your healthcare team may advise a different approach.